Performing a complete canine semen evaluation

Contents :

Semen Collection & Analysis
What is s good dog sperm count for artificial insemination?
Physical characteristics of dog semen
Dog sperm morphology:
Summary

Introduction

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Body condition score, testicular volume, and semen assessment are the three main components of breeding soundness examination. On a scale from 1 to 9, where 9 denotes a dog that is very obese, the body condition score was used to evaluate the overall health of dogs. Testicular length and breadth were measured using a vernier calliper to compute testicular biometry. Digital manipulation is the most widely utilized technique for collecting dog sperm. Semen quality is usually evaluated by looking at semen metrics such as semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, living and dead spermatozoa, and sperm morphology throughout the whole ejaculate.

The average male dog reaches puberty at about 6 to 8 months old. Sexual maturity is typically reached between 18 and 30 months. Males may successfully mate bitches before reaching sexual maturity, but until then, they won’t have their highest fertility or daily sperm production. The average guy may reproduce once every two to five days while maintaining daily sperm production.

History-taking, general physical examination, reproductive system examination, libido assessment, semen collection and evaluation, hormone evaluation, prostatic examination, and disease testing are all included in a thorough breeding soundness check of a dog.

Semen Collection & Analysis

Novice breeders often overlook the significance of semen collection and analysis in the breeding process. The method used to collect the semen from your stallion may significantly impact the sample’s quantity and quality. Our experienced semen collection expertise will guarantee that the sample from your stud is of the highest quality and handled with the utmost care.

Canine Sperm Analysis

You want to ensure that your stud dog’s sperm is as healthy as it can be if you’re paying high stud fees to guarantee a good pregnancy. For effective breeding, sperm counts between 150 and 500 million sperm per millimetre are ideal. According to our expectations, a healthy semen sample should have at least 70% forward motility and fewer than 10% aberrant sperm.
We evaluate the following elements during our male dog fertility testing:
-sperm count
-Sperm motility
-Forward movement
-Sperm morphology
-Number of bacteria (for infections)

Why is it important to assess my stud’s semen?

Breeders will feel more confident that your male can successfully conceive the female if they get a positive semen assessment. We will carefully examine the many reasons that might lower the quality of your male’s semen. However, they are not limited to:
Three fractions or components make up semen. Pre-sperm fraction, the initial component of the ejaculate, has a volume between 0.1 and 1.0 ml. The sperm-rich fraction, which may range in size and breed from 0.1 to 6 ml, makes up the second component. The prostatic fluid, which typically varies from 1.0 to 20.0 ml, makes up the third component.

What is s good dog sperm count for artificial insemination?

A healthy dog’s sperm count typically varies from 100 to 300 million sperm per millilitre of semen.
However, for this sperm to be of acceptable quality, it must have normal morphology and at least 60–70% gradually motile sperm.
Sperm morphology describes the characteristics of certain sperm cells. Deformity-free canines are of a better calibre and are more likely to result in a successful dog pregnancy.
We advise you to examine the sperm of your dog thoroughly. Canine Scanning provides this service at our clinic for canine reproductive. A thorough report that describes the male sperm’s quality is available.

Physical characteristics of dog semen

Semen samples are examined for colour, sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and the presence of other cells or bacteria.

Colour: Healthy canine sperm should be transparent or pearly white in hue. Because urine is harmful to sperm, yellow semen suggests urine contamination. Blood from trauma, infections, or difficulties with the prostate is present when there is a red discolouration.

Sperm motility: Since sperm must be able to travel up the female’s reproductive system to reach her eggs, it is crucial to monitor how well and in which direction sperm travels. A reading of 70% or above is regarded as average.

Concentration: At least 200 million increasingly motile sperm are needed for a single breeding dosage.

Bacterial cells: The sample of semen should be examined for bacteria and cells as a last step. Normally, sperm should make up the bulk of the cells in an ejaculate. Increased red blood cells, white blood cells, or bacteria might be signs of several illnesses that could impair a dog’s ability to conceive.
Not all dogs satisfy the requirements we have. If your stud doesn’t fit these requirements, we may discuss potential reasons for a poor grade. These variables may include things like drugs, the surroundings, and more. If a problem is found, we may address it and test your stud’s semen again—typically in approximately two months.

PH: The accuracy of measuring the pH of canine sperm is under controversy. Non-fractionated canine semen has a typical pH range of 6.4 to 6.8, depending on the sample. If a condition like prostatitis is present or the semen sample is tainted with urine, the pH of the seminal fluid may vary.

Volume: Three portions of dog semen are ejaculated. The initial pre-sperm fraction is less than 5 ml in volume and contains few to no spermatozoa. Before ejaculation, the pre-sperm fraction is thought to clean the urethra of impurities (urine, germs, and cellular debris). Typically, pre-sperm is not collected. The testes and epididymis produce the second, sperm-rich portion. The sperm-rich fraction typically ranges in volume from 0.5 to 4 ml and is grey-white in appearance.

Dog sperm morphology:

The examination of a sperm’s morphology is known as morphology. Between 5 and 15% of the sperm in each ejaculate will be abnormally shaped. A minimum of 80% of the sperm must have normal morphology to be deemed normal. Higher concentrations of aberrant sperm may indicate a testicular injury.
To assess morphology, one hundred individual sperm cells are evaluated for proper form and structure. Sperm morphology test results are expressed as a percentage of normal. At the very least, the head, midpiece, and tail size and form are looked at. The head has an acrosome cap that houses the enzymes necessary for zonal penetration and fertilization, while the head houses the DNA. The mechanism that drives the spermatozoon is housed in the midpiece. The sperm cell moves ahead with the help of its tail. No of the breed, the average canine spermatozoa measure 6.8 mm in length, with a 1.1 mm midpiece and a 5.0 mm tail.
Primary vs secondary defects (primary occurring in the testicles, and secondary occurring during storage, transport, or handling); major vs minor (major affecting the ability of the sperm to fertilize, and minor not affecting the ability to fertilize); compensable vs non-compensable defects; are just a few examples of how defects may be categorized (compensable defects can be overcome by providing access of the sperm to the egg and non-compensable defects cannot be overcome by the sheer presence of providing access to the egg).
The most used categorization system is main vs secondary abnormality. The most severe flaws, known as primary defects, arise during spermatogenesis when the sperm cells are still within the seminiferous epithelium of the testis. Less significant secondary flaws are thought to result from improper treatment after collection or from transit and storage via the epididymis. >70% healthy sperm may be found in a typical ejaculate.
Semen that has not been stained or diluted may often be used for phase contrast microscopy examination of sperm cell morphology. However, if the concentration is high, semen diluted with phosphate-buffered saline can be used. The sperm cells must be stained before light microscopy can be used to examine morphology. Morphology artefacts can appear during the slide preparation staining method, potentially due to a temperature shock or changes in the stain’s osmolarity or pH. Different stains may be applied. However, there are automated techniques that can analyse sperm cell morphology objectively. Like with motility, the great majority of semen morphology analyses are manual and subjective.

Summary

Male fertility must be examined beyond semen. It’s a myth that supplying a certain amount of normal, motile sperm at the right moment can increase pregnancy rates. Beyond size, shape, and motility, sperm function may alter the cell’s functional competence.
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